Last modified: 2002-01-18 by ivan sache
Keywords: army service pennant | fanion | cross (red) | ambulance | telegraph | army post | umpire |
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![[Artillery depots]](../images/f/fr^smi.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m. Plain yellow.
Lantern: Yellow.
![[Artillery depots]](../images/f/fr^sma.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m. Plain blue.
Lantern: Blue.
![[Ambulance and field hospitals]](../images/f/fr^ahc.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m.White field with a red border and a red cross in the
middle.
Lanterns: 1 white and 1 red.
![[Telegraph posts]](../images/f/fr^ptlg.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m. White field with a blue border and a blue T in the
middle.
Lantern: Similar to the pennant.
![[Army postal service]](../images/f/fr^spar.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m. White field with a green border and a green P in the
middle.
Lantern: Similar to the pennant.
![[Referees]](../images/f/fr^arb.gif)
by Ivan Sache
0.65 x 0.5 m. White field with a red border.
Lantern: Red.
Umpires might have been similar to what the modern US terminology would call observer/controler (or OC) - personnel belonging to the unit executing an excercise or proffesionals from specialized institutions who follow the course of the excercise as "neutral side" and are consulted in after action reviews for evaluation of the excercise.
Zeljko Heimer, 23 November 2000
A wargaming expert could probably explain why at some obscure level a modern controller fills a completely different role than the umpire of the 1930s, but I've been a controller (in command post exercises, not in the field) and believe that the positions are functionally the same. I suspect the terminology was changed because someone objected to the sporting connotations in English of the word "umpire" and wanted to convey that wargames are not really games.
Joe McMillan, 23 November 2000
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